Jurnal Inovasi dan Teknologi Pendidikan

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ANIMAL FLASH CARD MEDIA IN INTRODUCING ENGLISH VOCABULARY FOR CHILDREN AGED 5-6 YEARS

Kusmiati Kusmiati — 2026-01-01

Study This aim for know the effectiveness of animal flashcard media in introduce vocabulary English for children age 5-6 years. The method used is pre- experimental with one pretest-posttest design. Subjects study totaling 10 children Group B in an Integrated Islamic Kindergarten Annida. Data collection techniques use test mastery vocabulary before and after treatment. The pretest results showed that all over child is at in category low with an average score of 17.5. After given treatment learning using animal flashcard media, posttest scores increased with an average of 35.6. A total of 5 children is at in category tall and 5 children is at in very high category. The t-test results show existence significant difference between the pretest and posttest. The results of the N-Gain test reached the value of 32.3% which is included in high. Besides that, the results of the Pearson correlation test show very strong and significant relationship between use of flashcard media with improvement vocabulary, with r value = 0.966 and p = 0.000. With thus, it can It can be concluded that animal flashcard media is effective. in introduce vocabulary English for children age 5-6 years

STUDI LITERATUR: ASESMEN OTENTIK DAN BERBASIS KOMPETENSI DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MIPA

Komukai Ria Sagara — 2026-01-01

Science and mathematics (MIPA) learning requires assessments that not only measure cognitive mastery but also higher-order thinking skills, scientific literacy, and 21st-century competencies. This study conducted a literature review of 21 national and international articles (2017–2025) on authentic and competency-based assessments. The reviewed studies employed various research designs, including Classroom Action Research, quasi-experiments, descriptive qualitative studies, and Research and Development. The analysis focused on the effectiveness of assessments in enhancing student engagement, conceptual understanding, scientific literacy, problem-solving, collaboration, and practical skills mastery. Results indicate that authentic and competency-based assessments are effective; however, their success depends on teacher competence, instrument quality, facility readiness, and digital support. Major challenges include the lack of standardized instruments, time constraints, and limited teacher understanding. The findings highlight the need for the development of standardized instruments, digital assessments, large-scale quantitative studies, and comprehensive teacher training to ensure consistent and effective implementation.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIGITAL LITERACY AND CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS IN GRADE V IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

Anisah Saadah — 2026-01-01

The study aims to determine the relationship between digital literacy and critical thinking skills of fifth-grade students at SDN Banjarsari 2, Serang City. Digital literacy is a very important skill in the digital era, especially in supporting technology-based learning processes. Critical thinking skills are 21st-century competencies that need to be developed early so that students are able to analyze, reason, and draw critical or logistical conclusions. In this study, the method used is a quantitative method with a correlational approach, the sample in this study were fifth-grade students of SDN Banjarsari 2, Serang City. The instrument in this study used a questionnaire to measure digital literacy and to measure critical thinking skills, a test instrument in the form of 10 essay questions was used. The results of the analysis of this study indicate a significant relationship between digital literacy and students' critical thinking skills. The higher the students' digital literacy, the higher their critical thinking skills. This study shows the importance of digital-based learning in developing critical thinking skills in elementary schools.

Multimedia Based Immune System And Skin Health Education As A Learning Innovation

Deddy Hartanto — 2025-12-20

Health education in higher education requires innovative approaches to ensure students understand complex and abstract material optimally. The immune system and skin health are essential components of medical education, but are often delivered through conventional methods that do not support conceptual understanding. This study aims to determine the effect of multimedia-based immune system and skin health education as a learning innovation on students' understanding of the Faculty of Medicine, Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya. The study used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design using a non-equivalent control group design. The subjects consisted of two classes of students: an experimental class that received learning using Canva-based multimedia and a control class that received conventional learning. Data collection was conducted through pre-tests and post-tests to measure improvements in student understanding. The results showed that the initial abilities of both classes were relatively comparable. After treatment, the experimental class showed a higher increase in learning outcomes compared to the control class. This indicates that the use of multimedia learning has a positive impact on student understanding. Canva-based multimedia is able to present material visually, systematically, and attractively, helping students understand the concepts of the immune system and skin health more effectively. Thus, multimedia-based immune system and skin health education can be used as a relevant and applicable learning innovation to support improving the quality of health learning in higher education.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN A LEVEL OF UTILIZATION OF AI CHAT GPT AS THE LEARNING MEDIUM AND THE PROVISIONAL ACHIEVEMENT INDEX (IPS) OF PAI UINSA STUDENTS IN SEMESTER 5

Rosyida Abadiyah — 2026-01-01

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology is increasingly influencing the learning process, including in higher education. One AI technology that is widely used by students is ChatGPT, a deep learning-based language model that is capable of providing information, explanations, and feedback quickly and interactively. This study aims to determine the relationship between the level of ChatGPT utilisation as a learning medium and the Provisional Achievement Index (IPS) of students in the Islamic Education Study Programme (PAI) at UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya (UINSA). The study uses a quantitative approach with a correlational method, involving as the research population. Data were collected through a questionnaire on ChatGPT utilisation and documentation of GPA scores. The results of this study are expected to provide an empirical picture of the extent to which the intensity and quality of ChatGPT usage contribute to students' academic achievement. These findings are expected to serve as a basis for educators and educational institutions in developing effective technology-based learning strategies, particularly in the context of Islamic Education.

A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS: TRENDS IN THE USE OF EDPUZZLE IN EDUCATION USING VOSVIEWER

Reyma Nabilla Gunawan — 2026-01-01

Edpuzzle merupakan salah satu platform video interaktif yang paling banyak digunakan dan memiliki berbagai manfaat dalam bidang pendidikan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis bibliometri berkaitan dengan penelitian Edpuzzle dalam bidang pendidikan menggunakan aplikasi VOSviewer. Data dikumpulkan dari database Google Scholar menggunakan aplikasi Publish or Perish. Terdapat 200 artikel terkait yang dipublikasikan dari 2019 hingga 2024 dengan tren riset yang meningkat setiap tahunnya, publikasi maksimal berjumlah 46 artikel yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2023 dan 2024. Pemetaan secara visual menunjukkan ada 56 term berkaitan dengan topik yang terbagi menjadi 7 klaster dengan jumlah term yang berbeda-beda. Review ini dapat digunakan sebagai referensi ketika akan melaksanakan riset dengan topik terkait.

KONTRIBUSI KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL DALAM MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI DAN KINERJA GURU DI TK IT ALHASANAH

Eka Finasie Nurhidayat — 2026-01-10

This study aims to determine the contribution of transformational leadership of school principals in improving teacher motivation and performance at Alhasanah IT Kindergarten and its impact on student learning achievement. The background of this research is based on the importance of the role of leadership in forming a professional and inspiring work culture, especially at the level of early childhood education. Transformational leadership is considered to be able to encourage teachers to develop personally and professionally, through an approach that emphasizes example, motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individual attention. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, in-depth interviews, documentation, and questionnaires. The subjects of the study include the principal and teachers of Alhasanah IT Kindergarten. The results of the study show that school principals have implemented various forms of transformational leadership work, such as being spiritual and professional role models, creating innovative programs such as "Guru Berkarya," providing personal guidance, and involving teachers in decision-making. This has a positive impact on increasing teachers' work motivation and their professional performance in planning, implementing, and evaluating learning. Furthermore, increasing teacher motivation and performance contributes significantly to the achievement of children's learning development, especially in cognitive, social-emotional, and spiritual aspects. This

IMPLEMENTASI SELF-REGULATED LEARNING DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA

Siti Ayu Wulandari — 2026-01-01

Self-regulated learning (SRL) is an individual's ability to manage their learning process independently through planning, monitoring, controlling motivation, and evaluating learning outcomes. This ability is considered important in mathematics learning because it plays a role in improving students' problem-solving skills. This article aims to systematically review previous research results related to the implementation of self-regulated learning in learning, particularly in improving mathematical problem-solving skills. The method used is a literature study by reviewing various relevant scientific articles published in the last fifteen years. The results of the study show that the consistent application of SRL can improve students' learning independence, intrinsic motivation, metacognitive skills, and mathematical problem-solving abilities. The success of SRL implementation is influenced by internal factors, such as motivation and self-efficacy, as well as external factors, such as the role of teachers, the learning environment, and the use of technology. Therefore, well-planned learning strategies and a conducive learning environment are needed so that the implementation of self-regulated learning can run optimally and sustainably.

THE INTEGRATION OF ENGLISH INTO KITAB KUNING INSTRUCTION AT AQOBAH INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL JOMBANG

Muhamad Iqbal Wibisono — 2026-01-01

This study analyzes the processes, strategies, challenges, and sustainability of English integration in kitab kuning instruction at Aqobah International School, Jombang. Using a qualitative case study design, the research involved four informants (one director and three students) selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected via in-depth interviews and document analysis. Findings reveal systematic integration design through structured planning involving pesantren leadership, gradual implementation using a tiered system, and support from a bilingual ecosystem based on the Cambridge International curriculum. The main challenges were technical-linguistic in nature, including the complexity of translating Arabic terminology into English, difficulties in selecting appropriate language registers, and adaptation from the pegon script to the Latin alphabet. These challenges were successfully mitigated through strategies such as content limitation, peer learning, and weekly formative evaluation. The program enhances santri’ bilingual competence for international da’wah, although it requires further strengthening of educators’ capacity, particularly in mastering bilingual kitab kuning terminology.

Gagasan Cobb, Polya Dan Zahorik Tentang Belajar Matematika

Ifti Fatiya — 2026-01-10

The integration of Cobb's social constructivism, Polya's problem-solving strategy, and Zahorik's contextual learning is a mathematics learning approach that emphasizes student activity, social interaction, and the connection between abstract concepts and real-life experiences. Through discussion, group work, and negotiation of meaning, students collaboratively build mathematical understanding so that they not only memorize procedures but also understand the reasoning behind problem solving. Polya's stages help students think systematically in understanding problems, planning strategies, implementing solutions, and reviewing results, which trains reflective and critical thinking skills. Contextual learning makes mathematics more meaningful and relevant to everyday life, increases motivation to learn, and facilitates the transfer of knowledge to new situations. This integrated approach has the potential to develop problem-solving and higher-level mathematical thinking skills, while creating a collaborative and supportive classroom atmosphere, which requires teachers to be adaptive, reflective, and flexible in their application of the curriculum.

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TELL A STORY METHOD BASED ON STORY OF PROPHET YUSUF A.S. IN EMBEDDING CHARACTER WITH BEING HONEST FOR 5-6 YEARS OLD CHILDREN AT RA MADINATUL QUR'AN

Siti Masitoh — 2026-01-01

This study aims to determine how the storytelling method of the Prophet Yusuf (peace be upon him) can be used to instill the value of honesty in 5-6 years-old children at RA Madinatul Qur'an. Honesty is a very important value to be developed from an early age, yet dishonest behavior still occurs among children. The method used in this study was a descriptive qualitative approach using observation, interviews, and document collection techniques. The subjects in this study consisted of a teacher and five children. The findings of the study indicate that the storytelling method was implemented through sound planning and implementation, utilizing visual media and expressive delivery. The children demonstrated understanding and behavioral changes that reflect honesty, such as the ability to admit mistakes and summarize the story's content. The story of the Prophet Yusuf (peace be upon him) has proven effective as a means of instilling moral values that touch children's emotional aspects. Furthermore, the storytelling method is also recognized as a fun and meaningful approach to character education for early childhood.

STRENGTHENING STUDENTS' READING LITERACY AND CRITICAL THINKING AS AN ADAPTIVE STRATEGY TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE DIGITAL AGE: A LITERATURE STUDY

Mohammad Arinto Yudo Septian — 2026-01-01

Research on the development of artificial intelligence (AI) in education has substantial implications for the learning process, particularly in strengthening students' reading literacy and critical thinking skills. A number of studies show that the unguided use of AI can trigger technological dependence, reduce the intensity of deep reading, and lower the quality of information analysis and evaluation. This condition creates an urgent need to design adaptive strategies that ensure the use of AI continues to support the development of students' cognitive capacities. This study aims to: (1) analyze the impact of AI development on reading literacy and critical thinking skills; (2) identify the urgency of strengthening these two competencies as adaptive mechanisms in the digital age; and (3) formulate an integrative AI-aware Literacy & Critical Thinking Skills model for learning at the elementary to secondary levels. The research method used a systematic literature review (SLR) with a search of national and international articles through Google Scholar, DOAJ, SINTA, and open repositories, selected based on the inclusion criteria of publication year 2018-2025, topic relevance, and full access. The results of the study show that reading literacy and critical thinking are important foundations in filtering, assessing, and verifying information generated by AI. The resulting integrative model positions AI as an augmentation tool that strengthens the processes of reading, analysis, and reflection, rather than as a substitute for cognitive activities. These findings have implications for educators and policymakers to design AI-based learning innovations that maintain academic integrity and develop students' higher-order thinking skills.

EFEKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK KELAS II DI MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH SWASTA MA’HAD AL-ZAYTUN, INDRAMAYU SEMESTER GANJIL TAHUN AJARAN 2017/2018

Syayidah Kulsum — 2026-01-01

Thematic learning is one of the models in integrated learning (integrated instruction) which is a learning system that allows students, both individually and in groups, to actively explore and discover scientific concepts and principles in a holistic, meaningful, and authentic way. Integrated learning is oriented towards learning practices that suit the needs and development of students. This approach departs from learning theory which rejects the process of training/memorization (drill) as the basis for the formation of knowledge and the intellectual structure of children. The purpose of this research is to serve as a reference in overcoming the problems faced in the implementation of education so that countermeasures can be sought to be used as material for consideration in making educational development policies. This type of research is field research with a qualitative approach. The research instruments used in this study include observation guidelines, interview guidelines, and documentation. Data analysis techniques are data analysis and interpretation techniques. Miles and Huberman's research analysis model goes through the stages, namely: data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that, (1) thematic learning plans for second grade students at Ma'had AL-Zaytun Indramayu Private Madrasah Ibtidaiyah have fulfilled all the elements needed in thematic learning planning. (2) The implementation of thematic learning for class II students at Ma'had Al-Zaytun Indramayu Private Madrasah Ibtidaiyah has been going well and fulfilling the correct learning stages. (3) Thematic learning for class II students at Ma'had AL-Zaytun Indramayu Private Madrasah Ibtidaiyah has been effective and achieved learning objectives in general.

Pengaruh Strategi Pembelajaran Aktif Terhadap Peran Aktif Siswa di Kelas

Farizawati Farizawati — 2026-01-30

Based on the problems described above, this study focuses on examining the implementation of active learning strategies in enhancing students’ engagement during the classroom learning process. The review is directed at identifying various types of active learning strategies that have been applied in educational practices and analyzing the strategies that most significantly influence students’ participation and active involvement based on previous research findings. In line with this focus, the objective of this study is to analyze the effects of active learning strategies on students’ engagement through a systematic literature review approach. This study is expected to contribute theoretically by enriching concepts and understanding of the effectiveness of active learning, as well as practically by serving as a reference for educators in selecting and implementing appropriate learning strategies to create a more participatory, interactive, and meaningful learning environment

PENGGUNAAN MEDIA KOMIK UNTUK MENGKATKAN LITERASI MEMBACA SISWA SD

Ima Siti Rahmawati — 2025-12-31

Kemampuan literasi membaca siswa SD masih menjadi masalah yang cukup menonjol, terutama karena bahan bacaan yang digunakan di sekolah sering kali kurang menarik bagi mereka. Banyak siswa merasa membaca sebagai aktivitas yang membosankan, sehingga minat dan kebiasaan membaca belum terbentuk secara optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penggunaan media komik sebagai alternatif bahan ajar yang dapat membantu meningkatkan literasi membaca siswa SD. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka dengan menganalisis berbagai jurnal, artikel ilmiah, dan sumber relevan lainnya yang membahas penggunaan komik dalam pembelajaran membaca pada siswa SD. Berdasarkan hasil penelusuran literatur, komik dinilai memiliki kemampuan untuk menarik perhatian siswa karena visual dan alur ceritanya yang sederhana dan mudah dipahami. Beberapa penelitian terdahulu menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan komik dapat meningkatkan pemahaman bacaan, kosakata, serta motivasi siswa dalam membaca. Secara keseluruhan, komik dapat menjadi salah satu media pembelajaran yang efektif dan menyenangkan bagi siswa SD dalam meningkatkan kemampuan literasi membaca. Oleh karena itu, komik layak dipertimbangkan sebagai bahan ajar pendukung dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia.

BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS: TRENDS IN GAME-BASED LEARNING ON STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES BASED ON GOOGLE SCHOLAR (2020 - 2024)

Khoirunnisaa'stiani Khoirunnisaa'stiani — 2026-01-01

The development of educational technology is driving the increased use of Game-Based Learning (GBL) as a learning strategy considered effective in supporting student learning achievement. Although numerous studies have examined the effectiveness of GBL, bibliometric studies mapping research trends and focuses in this field are still limited. This study uses bibliometric analysis to identify publication trends, dominant keywords, and research linkage patterns regarding GBL and student learning outcomes. Data was collected through Publish or Perish from Google Scholar using the keywords "game-based learning" AND "learning outcomes" with a publication range of 2020–2024, resulting in 199 articles analyzed using VOSviewer through network, overlay, and density visualization. The research findings indicate a significant increase in publications related to GBL and learning outcomes in 2023–2024, with a total of 199 articles and 7,985 citations. VOSviewer analysis identified 58 keywords divided into seven clusters, with key terms such as game, student, and learning outcome, indicating a strong focus on the effectiveness of GBL on learning achievement. This finding provides a comprehensive overview of the development of GBL research on learning outcomes, while also serving as a foundation for researchers and educators to develop more effective.

PENDEKATAN META ANALISIS : FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KINERJA KEPALA SEKOLAH

Retno Ariyani — 2026-01-10

Principal performance is a key factor in determining the success of educational management and quality improvement in educational institutions. This study aims to identify and analyze the factors affecting principal performance through a meta-analysis approach. The method employed is a qualitative approach with meta-analysis techniques applied to 10 national and international journal publications published between 2020-2025. The analysis identified 8 main factors affecting principal performance: (1) discipline and work ethic (2) creativity and innovation in leadership; (3) communication competence and interpersonal relations; (4) supervision system and academic coaching; (5) organizational culture and work atmosphere; (6) motivation and internal drive; (7) leadership style and approach; and (8) development of professional capacity of teaching staff. The findings indicate that creativity-innovation and work motivation have the most substantial direct effects on principal performance. These factors interact synergistically and demonstrate consistency across various educational contexts, although their implementation requires adaptation according to the socio-cultural and geographical conditions of each region. This research provides theoretical contributions to understanding the complexity of factors affecting principal performance and offers practical implications for developing educational leadership training programs.

TRANSFORMASI PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA MELALUI PERSPEKTIF VAN HIELE, FREUDENTHAL, DAN CONFREY

Benita Islamiyati — 2026-01-01

Efforts to understand how students construct knowledge and how they think are an important part of the process of transforming mathematics learning. This article reviews three important theories, including Van Hiele's theory, Freudenthal's view, and Confrey's ideas. Van Hiele's theory emphasizes that students must think about geometric concepts through various stages, indicating that students do not understand concepts instantly, but rather through systematic levels of thinking. Through the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approach, Freudenthal emphasizes that real experiences are very important so that mathematics does not feel abstract and distant from students' daily lives. Meanwhile, Confrey suggests a constructivist view, which emphasizes that interaction, reflection, and reorganization of learning experiences are active ways of constructing knowledge. By combining these three perspectives, mathematics learning will become more contextual, meaningful, and in line with students' cognitive development. The purpose of this article is to emphasize that understanding these various theories is very important for teachers in designing learning strategies, as well as to create a more humane and relevant mathematics learning process in today's education era.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE ECOPRINT-BASED PANCASILA STUDENT PROFILE STRENGTHENING (P5) PROJECT IN DEVELOPING STUDENT CREATIVITY

Alpinah Damayanti — 2026-01-10

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of ecoprint-based P5 to develop the creativity of 5th grade students in economic activity material at SDN Banjarsari 02. This study is a quantitative study with a pre-experimental method using a one group pretest-posttest design. The population in this study was all 5B classes of SDN Banjasari 02, totaling 41 with a sample of only 30 students, data collection techniques used were questionnaires, tests and documentation, sampling techniques used were purposive sampling techniques. Based on the results of statistical analysis of students' creativity skills, the pretest average was 50.17 and the posttest result was 71.83 and an increase after treatment was carried out was as large as 21%, while the results of the normality test for the pretest value of 0.006 were said to be abnormal because they were at a value <0.05, while the posttest value was 0.090 which means the posttest value was said to be normal. The results of the hypothesis test show that the value obtained is significant 0.000 <0.05 which indicates that there is a significant difference between the initial and final variables, based on the results of the N gain test, showing the development of student creativity in the pre-experiment of 0.4393 including the moderate category, this category shows that the P5 ecoprint-based learning shows an increase and development of students' creativity skills which is quite effective.

DEVELOPMENT OF A TEACHING PRESENCE-BASED ASYNCHRONOUS DISCUSSION FORUM TO ENHANCE STUDENT ENGAGEMENT IN THE INTRODUCTION TO EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY COURSE

I Wayan Agus Dimas Anggara — 2026-01-10

Asynchronous learning in online environments requires instructional designs that can establish instructor presence and promote sustained student engagement. This study aimed to develop and examine the effectiveness of a teaching presence-based asynchronous discussion forum in enhancing student engagement in the Introduction to Educational Technology course. The study employed a research and development approach using the ADDIE model. Product validation involved three experts, product trials were conducted with 27 students, and the implementation phase involved 31 students from the Educational Technology Study Program at Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha. Product validity and practicality were analyzed descriptively, while the effectiveness of the forum on student engagement was analyzed inferentially using a paired sample t-test. The results indicate that the developed discussion forum achieved a very good level of validity and was practical to use. The effectiveness test showed a significant increase in student engagement following the implementation of the teaching presence-based asynchronous discussion forum. Therefore, the developed forum is effective in enhancing behavioral, affective, and cognitive engagement and is recommended as an asynchronous learning strategy in higher education.

THE APPLICATION OF TALOGTIKA MEDIA TO IMPROVE MATHEMATICS LEARNING OUTCOMES AT SMK GENERASI MANDIRI

Mal Alfahnum — 2026-01-01

This study aims to determine whether the use of talogtika media can improve student learning outcomes in mathematics subjects on logarithms at SMK Generasi Mandiri. This study uses a quantitative approach with the Quasi Experimental Design method. The population in this study were all class X students at SMK Generasi, while the sample was class X TKJ 1 which consisted of 32 students. The results of the research and analysis showed that there was a significant increase in student learning outcomes after talogtika media was applied. The increase in scores reached 35 points. This can be seen from the pre-test results which had an average of 47.5 and a post-test of 82.5. The difference in scores between the pre-test and post-test was 35 points. The application of talogtika media in improving student learning outcomes in mathematics subjects for class X shows that this media can be an effective way to improve learning outcomes, because talogtika media helps students understand the material more easily during the learning process.

MENGURAI JEJAK PEMIKIRAN GAGNÉ, GESTALT, DAN PAVLOV DALAM DINAMIKA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA ABAD KE 21

Indra Tri Buana — 2026-01-01

Mathematics learning in the 21st century requires students to develop critical, creative, collaborative, and communicative skills beyond mastering mechanical procedures. However, studies on the theories of Gagné, Gestalt, and Pavlov are often conducted separately, leaving a gap in understanding their integrated contribution to modern mathematics education. This study aims to systematically review the ideas of Gagné, Gestalt, and Pavlov and analyze their relevance in supporting 21st-century mathematics learning. The method used is a literature review by examining articles, proceedings, and academic books published between 2020–2025, along with classical works presenting the original theories of the three scholars. The findings reveal that Gagné provides a systematic instructional framework, Gestalt emphasizes insight and holistic understanding through visualization, while Pavlov contributes to aspects of motivation and emotional regulation. Integrating these theories can result in mathematics learning strategies that are more adaptive, meaningful, and emotionally supportive, aligning with the demands of 21st-century skills. This study has theoretical implications for strengthening integrative learning foundations and practical implications for teachers and curriculum developers in designing effective and relevant mathematics instruction.

The Role of Critical Reading Skills in Finding Moral Messages in Reading

Siti Sabrina Maharani — 2026-01-10

This study aims to improve the critical reading skills of grade VI A students of SDN 1 Malabar in finding moral messages in reading. The research method used is qualitative observation-based, with direct observation of the learning process in the classroom. The results of the study indicate that most students have been able to analyze texts, draw conclusions, and convey ideas in writing, but there are still 50% of students who need further attention and guidance to improve their critical reading skills. Factors such as learning experience, learning environment, and cognitive abilities influence students' critical reading skills. This study suggests the importance of strengthening critical reading skills in Indonesian language learning to improve students' ability to find moral messages in reading.

ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON STUDENT LEARNING MOTIVATION IN INDONESIAN LANGUAGE SUBJECT AT SERANG 06 PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOL

Awi Suryawan — 2026-01-01

This study aims to: Determine how big the role of social media is on the motivation to learn Indonesian at Serang 06 State Elementary School. The type of research that will be used when conducting research is qualitative research with studies or studies that focus on certain cases, so that researchers hope to obtain relatively complete and in-depth data, and can also be interpreted on various phenomena encountered in the field.

The results of the study show that social media as a learning tool can make it easier for students to understand the material related to the theme being studied. This is proven by the results of observations and questionnaires with the results After Using Social Media 32 out of 38 students (84.2%) always try to sit in the front when Indonesian lessons involve social media. 30 out of 38 students (78.9%) always study and work on questions that have not been taught for the next meeting. Then 32 out of 38 students (84.2%) feel happy when Indonesian class time arrives. 28 out of 38 students (73.7%) do their homework or Indonesian assignments early. 30 out of 38 students (78.9%) get good grades and are satisfied with the grades obtained in Indonesian lessons. 32 out of 38 students (84.2%) try to understand and study extra for Indonesian lessons.